Sunday, June 25, 2017

Exoskeleton: An Essay About Eating Disorders, Cyborgs, and Other Things

A few years ago while recovering from anorexia nervosa I met an interesting young woman with whom I had several conversations. She too was recovering from an eating disorder. 

She was a pretty blond Swedish American from Idaho so I'll call her Ada.

Ada believed that the genesis, the trigger if you will, of her eating disorder was an operation in which her appendix was removed. 

After the surgery I felt strange. I felt vulnerable. I wished I could have an exoskeleton to protect me,” she explained. 

Somehow this vulnerable feeling evolved into an eating disorder. Did limiting what she ate and maintaining a concave abdomen somehow make her feel protected and safe? 

I met another woman in treatment who restricted her intake because she didn't want the curves associated with a woman's body. Men had hurt her. She didn't want men to notice her or be attracted to her. She wanted a small and thin body that wouldn't draw any attention. So, she stayed thin to protect herself.

The strange thing is that I know another woman, Janet, whose reaction to trauma was quite different. She told me about being forced to eat the cooking of her stepfather during her younger years. She described it as "prison cooking." He would make odd conglomerations of unappetizing food and she would have to eat it or be physically punished. 

When she finally became an independent woman she was quite thin after the years of malnutrition. When she was on her own she began to enjoy eating. She gained a lot of weight.

I hate being thin,” she told me, “I don't want to be thin like I was ever again.”

She's a beautiful full-figured woman with wide hips and plenty of curves. One day she was complaining about a postpartum compression wrap she saw on a store shelf. It was designed to narrow one's hips after delivery. 

You see this? This is ridiculous. Now, Tharin, do you want a woman who's flat and narrow or a woman with hips – with something you can grab onto?” she asked.

I want a woman with hips,” I said.


That better be your answer,” she said.


I liked the weight I put on during pregnancy. I like my hips and I'd make them even wider if I could,” she continued.

I can only guess that to Janet, an ample and voluptuous body is equated with health and strength and prosperity. 

But, that's not what sweet Ada wanted. She found comfort in having a flat stomach. I guess I found some comfort too in starvation during some tough times during adulthood.

I became good at cutting weight for wrestling in high school. I hated cutting weight though. After the season was over, I ate. I ate a lot. It scared me a little sometimes because I felt like I couldn't get enough. But, when the stresses of adulthood came along I lost my appetite. I found some comfort in not eating. I guess I was looking for a safe feeling like Ada. But, when I couldn't find it I guess I just wanted to disappear.  I didn't want to feel pain or fear.  I didn't want to feel worthless or hopeless.  So, I decided to feel nothing at all. 

I recall at one low point wishing I was a robot with no emotions. I became so malnourished at one point that I became like a robot. A robot with little emotion and no life outside of the narrow confines I had set for myself. 

In the Ghost in the Shell manga and anime series, the female cyborg Motoko Kusanagi possesses an incredibly durable prosthetic body, with enhanced strength, speed and coordination. In fact, only part of her brain and spinal cord remain composed of human tissue. She has a tendency to question her own humanity and whether or not she has a soul (what cyborgs refer to as their "ghost"). She tends to keep her human emotions well under control. 

November Annabella "Nova" Terra is a Ghost agent from the StarCraft universe. In this case a Ghost is an assassin. She sometimes wears a powered combat suit – an exoskeleton.

She requested a mind-wipe that erased all recollection of her tragic youth.

As of becoming a full fledged ghost, after undergoing a memory wipe, Nova's personality became colder. Additionally, although she underwent a memory wipe, Nova remains psychologically scarred by the murder of her family and has trouble connecting to people as a result. Not that she particularly desired to, however—for the most part, she was content to be regarded as a merciless killer and remain isolated from her fellow men, not wanting to forge attachments that could be broken.


I've met women in treatment who have survived a lot of trauma. I've met women who didn't want to get too close to anyone. I've met women who have lost almost any desire for human contact. I wonder if they would like a “mind-wipe” so they could erase all of those haunting memories? 

Would Ada have liked to have been a cyborg? Her body would be protected and strong. She'd still have to deal with human emotions though. Sometimes our emotions are more frightening and harder to manage than any physical threat.

Ada was really sweet and easy to talk to.

Ada talked about her Swedish background which was interesting since I'm Norwegian. Her father declared she was only allowed to drive a Volvo or a Saab or so she claimed. Her parents continued to make her dress up for St. Lucia's Day in a white dress with a red sash around her waist and a crown of candles on her head. She mentioned Dala horses. A Dala horse is a traditional carved, painted wooden horse statuette originating in the Swedish province Dalarna. I knew about these horses because I'd seen some in shop windows in Decorah during the Nordic Fest. I asked her about a distilled spirit called aquavit hoping to sound smart. She said her family used it to make glögg, the Swedish version of mulled wine, to drink around Christmastime. 

We discussed many subjects. 

We both liked the Sinatra song “Summer Wind.”

She told me she wanted to get married in the rain someday. I didn't press her for details. Did she think rain had some mystical force that would grant her a happy marriage? In some cultures, rain on your wedding day is considered good luck, symbolizing fertility and cleansing. Is rain romantic? “Let's cuddle close under an umbrella, sweetheart!” “Let me help you dry off and warm up, darling."  Did she simply find rainy days to be soothing? Think of all those meditation recordings featuring the calming sounds of rain to help us relax.

We spoke a little about writing and poetry. I printed off a copy of Shakespeare's Sonnet 141 and shared it with her.

In faith, I do not love thee with mine eyes,
For they in thee a thousand errors note;
But ‘tis my heart that loves what they despise,
Who, in despite of view, is pleased to dote;
Nor are mine ears with thy tongue’s tune delighted,
Nor tender feeling, to base touches prone,
Nor taste, nor smell, desire to be invited
To any sensual feast with thee alone:
But my five wits nor my five senses can
Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee,
Who leaves unswayed the likeness of a man,
Thy proud heart’s slave and vassal wretch to be.
Only my plague thus far I count my gain,
That she that makes me sin awards me pain. 

She read it slowly and then smirked and said, “He's basically saying she's ugly.”

While it's true Shakespeare is aware of the woman's physical flaws, his heart is completely enthralled by her. We can still desire someone while acknowledging their faults.

I only knew about this sonnet because it was mentioned in the movie 10 Things I Hate About You.

I wrote her a sonnet. I think it was entitled “A Quasi-Sonnet for Ada.” I didn't have the rhyme scheme quite right. That's why I called it a quasi-sonnet. 

Most of the women I met in treatment were beautiful, kind, and intelligent. In group therapy one day we were disucssing body image and one of the woman said she liked my shoulders because they were wide. I thought to myself Hell yeah! I still got it!

I was sometimes the only male on the eating disorder unit. One day we were all in the activities van on an outing and I said, “It's seven woman and me. I think I like this.”

The Activities Therapist looked over at the Nurse's Aide and said, “Well, I guess his testosterone level is getting back to normal.”

Dr A and Dr. B used to say to us patients, “You need to find a healthy way to meet your needs.”

If you need attention or stress reduction or a greater sense of control you need to find a way to achieve that without coping through starvation and other eating disorder behaviors.

Sometimes patients need to get in touch with their thoughts and feelings. It might sound kind of corny but it's true.

We all learned Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help us identify our feelings and identify our sometimes distorted thinking.  For example, if you make a mistake at work you may feel angry and embarrassed and think to yourself, “I am not allowed to make mistakes. I must always be perfect.” This is distorted thinking. This might be called black and white (polarized ) thinking. You believe anything short of perfection makes you a failure. 

We need to untwist this negative thinking. No one is perfect. It's okay to make mistakes. It's okay to see things in shades of gray. When things don't work out as well as you hoped, think about the experience as a partial success rather than a complete failure. See what you can learn from the situation.

It's hard to be kind to ourselves sometimes.  And, at times the world seems to lack empathy and compassion.

In group one day, I asked Dr. B if it was possible to develop a “thicker skin” so my sensitive personality could handle the criticism and judgments from the a-holes of the world without having it hurt so much. Other than CBT he didn't have much to offer me. One of the social workers told me that being sensitive wasn't good or bad. Being sensitive may make life tougher emotionally at times but it's not a bad thing. In college one of my professors said, “Some people feel too much. Some people don't feel as much. And some people are just jerks.” Sometimes I wish I was a Terminator (i.e. a cyborg) who felt nothing and was essentially indestructible. But, alas, for now there is no exoskeleton for me. 

When Ada was done with treatment and in a state we call “recovery” she left and I presume returned to Idaho. She said, “Tharin, I love you and I'll miss you deeply. I'll write you every day.”

No, she didn't say any of that. I think she did give me a hug the morning she left. I think she did say, “I'll miss you.” At least that's how I like to remember it. We didn't stay in touch though.

I'm not sure what became of her.

Perhaps she got married during a gentle rain shower like she'd dreamed of doing.
 
 
Perhaps she became a superheroine and in accordance with that role wears a protective suit that keeps her safe from harm. An exoskeleton if you will. 

Did you know some robotic exoskeletons really exist?

Today, powered exoskeleton suits are becoming a reality; perhaps several hundred commercial and experimental exosuits now operate globally. But until somebody invents the equivalent of the palm-sized power plant Tony Stark wears in his chest, real-world exoskeleton suits will have to make do with an all-too-limited power supply and much less spectacular capabilities.

Perhaps all of the individuals who recover from eating disorders have donned a metaphorical exoskeleton so they'll always feel protected and safe and ready to withstand the challenges that life brings.



Thursday, June 8, 2017

My Seventies


The Me Decade

I turn three the summer of 1970

Elementary school years

Jimmy Carter is elected as the 39th President of the United States in 1976

The United States celebrates its Bicentennial in 1976

I don't remember The Great Inflation of the 1970s and high unemployment

I remember the Shah of Iran and the Iran Hostage Crisis

T-shirts with iron-on transfers were popular

Blue jeans emerged in the 1970s as everyday wear. Denim was being mass consumed by all ages and seen as the ultimate American garment.

I wanted nothing to do with bell-bottom jeans

I was too young to truly appreciate girls wearing tube tops and halter tops

POLYESTER

LEISURE SUITS

JOGGING SUITS

DISCO
 
 

Leif Garrett in a leisure suit.

 
Flared blue jeans, halter top, cool hair.
 
I turned three in the summer of 1970. I turned 13 in the summer of 1980. So, the decade of the 1970s basically coincided with my elementary school years. The seventies encompassed most of my youth.

During the so-called Me Decade many people were focused on themselves rather than the world at large. 

This turning inward sometimes involved drugs, disco, yoga, meditation, jogging, or self-improvement seminars.

I was a child slowly transforming into a young man during the seventies. My life revolved around family, friends, church, school, television, movies, music, and books. The larger goings-on of the world affected or interested me little. 

During the seventies I began to experience close friendships. I stayed overnight with friends. We built blanket forts, played, watched TV, and listened to records. 

I remember the daredevil Evel Knievel who became an icon in the 1970s for his incredible motorcycle stunts.

Eventually, other daredevils would accomplish the feats Evel Knievel had and even top them. Some stuntman would do things on a motorcycle that Evel never dreamed of. But, I don't believe any stuntman will ever become a household name like him. No one will ever have the notoriety or display the showmanship that Evel did. He was larger than life, legendary, and icon. He was a hero. 

I had an Evel Knievel figure and Stunt Cycle produced by Ideal Toys.
 
Evel Knievel the daredevil icon.
 

The Evel Knievel figure and Stunt Cycle.

Even as a kid I gave some thought to what I wanted to be when I grew up. I considered being an astronaut. The final manned moon landing took place in December of 1972. I would've been five years old so I doubt I really remember that happening. Nonetheless, astronauts and rockets were still fascinating when I was in elementary school.

Apollo 11 successfully landed on the Moon’s surface in July of 1969. America had put a man on the Moon. Everyone knew who Neil Armstrong was. Everyone knew his famous words, "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind."

Apollo 17 marked the last moonwalk. This mission landed astronauts on the Moon for the last time in December 1972.

When I was a young boy space travel and astronauts were still fresh in the nation's consciousness. 

Of course I wanted to be an astronaut. I wanted to blast off in a rocket, navigate outer space, and walk on the moon. I wanted to wear the cool space suit. 

But since I was only a boy I had to make do with my imagination, toy rockets, and playing on the rocket slide at the park. Sometimes I wore a white nylon athletic jacket and pretended it was my space suit. I also had a pair of pajamas with pictures of astronauts and lunar modules on them.
 
A rocket slide.
 
I considered being a scuba diver or a deep-sea diver. The suits looked so cool. I used to watch Wild Kingdom. I recall seeing Marlin Perkins and Jim Fowler using scuba equipment in some shows. “Jim's spear gun is loaded and ready, its point honed needle sharp.” 

A book I enjoyed as a kid was Look Out for Pirates published by Random House. In the book a sailor wears a deep-sea diving suit while searching for a box of gold. That book may have triggered my interest in deep-sea diving.

Also, the Disney movie 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea features a diving scene in which the divers wear some intriguing diving suits. This movie came out in 1954 but I saw it on television during the 1970s. The Nautilus submarine was so cool and the attack by the giant squid was amazing.

I was interested in cowboys too. I watched the TV show Bonanza as well as movies starring John Wayne and Clint Eastwood. I had a holster with six shooters, cowboy hat, and even a sheriff's badge. Sometimes I had cap guns and one time I had a gun that shot plastic bullets. Cowboys probably weren't as popular as during my father's generation but they could still be seen on TV and in movies in the 1970s. I even watched reruns of The Lone Ranger at times. A masked man who rides a white horse and fights for justice. How cool is that? 

I probably never really considered being a cowboy as a profession. We did have a couple of horses on the farm but I knew little about horse riding or throwing a lasso.

But, I guess I was figuring out what interested me and whom I idolized.

I idolized superheroes like Batman and Superman.

I watched reruns of the Batman TV series.

There was a resurgence in the popularity of skating in the 1970s and I was part of that phenomenon. My sisters and I went skating often on Sunday afternoons. 

In the middle 1970’s, disco music catapulted roller skating back into the spotlight. With customers flocking to rinks at a record rate, many entrepreneurs decide to build new state-of–the-art roller skating centers. Countless rinks were built with massive sound and lighting systems. The older, more traditional rinks made few updates, but still profited from the roller-disco craze.

A young woman at a roller skating rink in 1970s Florida.

I stayed overnight with friends occasionally during those elementary school days. Chris and I would make blanket forts. One night his mom let us split a frozen pizza between just the two of us. Chris and I saw Grease together in 1978. John Travolta was cool and Olivia Newton-John was beautiful. I saw Star Wars a year earlier with my family but Chris showed up at the theater too even though he'd already seen it. Chris had a lot of Star Wars trading cards. He even wanted to stage a play at school. I wasn't too keen on being cast as R2-D2 when he cast himself as Han Solo. The play never came to fruition so it didn't really matter in the end.

TV is important when you're a kid. At least it was for me. 

The Brady Bunch

The Partridge Family

Happy Days

Laverne and Shirley

Little House on the Prairie

Adam-12

Starsky and Hutch

Charlie's Angels

Donny & Marie

The Love Boat

Fantasy Island

The Six-Million Dollar Man

The Bionic Woman

Of course, I remember Saturday Morning Cartoons. Watching cartoons on Saturday morning was the highlight of my week. I liked Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! I also liked Josie and the Pussycats, Superfriends, and The Bugs Bunny/Roadrunner Hour.

I also enjoyed live-action shows like H.R. Pufnstuf, The Bugaloos, Lidsville, Land of the Lost, Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, The Kids From C.A.P.E.R., Shazam!, Isis, and The Krofft Supershow.

I didn't see a lot of movies in theaters as a kid. My family lived on a farm and it was hard to find the time to get to movies very often. I did see a few though.

One film I recall seeing with my parents was Digby, the Biggest Dog in the World (1973). Digby accidentally drinks a top-secret growth formula and grows to gigantic proportions. It was a British film which is perhaps why many people aren't familiar with it.

My parents also took me to The Bad News Bears (1976), The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training (1977), Star Wars (1977), and The Electric Horseman (1979).

I also saw The Rescuers (1977) and The Muppet Movie (1979). One outing was with my grandma and the other was with a friend. 

Thanks to my friend Chris I saw Murder by Death (1976) and Grease (1978).

I feel blessed to have seen Grease on the big screen. John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John were amazing.

Of course, the highlight of my movie watching experiences during the seventies was seeing Star Wars. “May the force be with you.” 

Nadia Comăneci is a Romanian Olympic gold medalist who, at the age of 14, became the first gymnast to be awarded a perfect score of 10.0 in the Olympic games during the 1976 Olympics in Montreal.

Future California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger wins the Mr. Olympia bodybuilding title 1970 – 1975.

I remember Muhammad Ali being the Heavyweight Champion of the World.

FARRAH FAWCETT

I remember listening to 8-track tapes.

I remember listening to vinyl records.

I remember disco music. I remember Donna Summer. I remember the Bee Gees.

I remember ABBA and KC and the Sunshine Band.

I remember the Bay City Rollers.

S-A-T-U-R-D-A-Y NIGHT!
I remember “The Ballroom Blitz” by the British rock band The Sweet.

I remember Manfred Mann's Earth Band cover of Bruce Springsteen's "Blinded By The Light.”

THE BEATLES SPLIT UP

ELVIS DIES

I remember playing board games.

We read encyclopedias and looked through the JC Penney and Sears catalogs.

Breaker 1-9. Do you copy?”


That's a big 10-4 good buddy, it's time to put the hammer down.”


I didn't really bemoan the end of a decade. I was happy to enter junior high. It did feel like I entered a new phase of life though in the 80s. I didn't get toys for Christmas any more. I was too old to be playing with toys but it was kind of depressing getting something “practical” for Christmas like a sweater or a photo album. I didn't care much for most of the cartoons that were on in the 1980s. And, perhaps I was getting too old for them too. I didn't get to go with Mom to town as often and walk through the dime store. Increasingly, I had to stay and help on the farm. 

 As I grew older I took on more responsibilities at home on the farm. More responsibilities came at school too. By the time I was an eighth-grader we no longer had any recess. Not a single recess. We had a short break for lunch and then it was right back to class. But, junior high meant team sports which I was excited about. I was ready to wrestle on a team not just at occasional kids' tournaments.

Getting older isn't always easy. It's not always an easy transition. But, getting older also meant having the chance to be a high school wrestling champion, getting to drive, being able to see R-rated movies, go on dates, and possibly have S-E-X. So, it seemed like an okay trade. 

I turned thirteen and therefore became a teenager during the summer of 1980. I would begin junior high in the fall. The new decade had already begun months earlier with little fanfare at least for the sixth-grader I was. I didn't yet realize what changes the decade of the eighties would bring for me and the world - new presidents, new music, hormonal changes. Even though a new decade with new hope and promise had begun I believe that at some level I knew I would always fondly remember the seventies as a really groovy time.